Every owner of property must pay a land tax (taxe foncière). It's payable by the owner of the property on the 1st of January of the current year. Note: It's determined for all owned property; house, apartment or land.
However when the final purchase contract is being signed the solicitor explains to the new owner that he/she is liable to pay this tax as from the date of the signature, even if the former owner has already paid for the whole year. This results in a settlement of accounts between seller and buyer during the act of signing the final purchase contract.
The land tax (taxe foncière) varies from town to town but rarely exceeds 700 Euro for an ordinary house.
A dwelling tax (taxe d'habitation) is levied on the number of people who live in the house or in the apartment, no matter whether they're owners or tenants. This tax is paid for the whole year by the person/people occupying the property on the 1st of January. Please note that this tax is non-refundable.
Both taxes mentioned above are due for payment in October/November every year. In both cases it's recommended not to pay too late, since a penalty fee of 10% is debited promptly.